What does "discovery" refer to in the legal process?

"Discovery" in the legal process refers specifically to a pre-trial procedure for obtaining evidence. This stage allows both parties in a legal dispute to gather relevant information from each other to better prepare for trial. The discovery process includes several methods, such as depositions, interrogatories, requests for admissions, and requests for production of documents.

Through discovery, parties can uncover facts, understand the evidence that may be presented, and ensure that surprises are minimized when the trial begins. This procedural step is crucial for fostering transparency and fairness in litigation, allowing each side to assess the strengths and weaknesses of their case.

In contrast, arbitration refers to an alternative dispute resolution method where an impartial third party resolves disputes outside of court. A court's final ruling is known as a judgment, which follows the trial process. Jury selection is a step in the trial process where jurors are chosen to hear a case, unrelated to the evidence-gathering phase of discovery. Each of these other concepts serves different purposes within the legal framework, distinct from the crucial role of discovery in preparing for trial.