What does "intellectual property" law encompass?

Intellectual property law encompasses rules and regulations that protect the rights of creators over their inventions and artistic works. This includes patents, which protect inventions and processes; copyrights, which safeguard original works of authorship such as music, literature, and art; and trademarks, which protect symbols, names, and slogans used to identify goods or services. The primary purpose of intellectual property law is to encourage innovation and creativity by ensuring that creators can reap the benefits of their efforts and investments in their work.

The other options do not pertain to intellectual property. For example, regulations for international trade focus on policies governing cross-border commerce, while laws concerning real estate ownership deal with property rights and transactions related to land and buildings. Legal frameworks for employment contracts are concerned with the rights and responsibilities of employers and employees, which is a distinct area of law not related to intellectual property. Thus, the choice that correctly identifies the scope of intellectual property law is the one that pertains to rules for inventions and artistic works.